Cosmology at the Turn of Centuries

Probably the most important scientific breakthrough of the last quarter of the previous century was related to tremendous progress in cosmology. From a poor relative of distinguished family of fundamental science characterized by the words prescribed to L. Landau: “always in error but never in doubt”, cosmology turned, or is turning, into an exact science and possibly the most interesting one. It is full of mysteries, unsolved problems, puzzling phenomena and strongly indicates that there exists new physics beyond the standard model. The stunning development of cosmology is due to a combination of two factors: 1) development of new theoretical methods, application of particle physics and quantum field theory to the early and contemporary universe; 2) new observational technique and devices, much more precise then even recently used ones and exploration of new windows to the universe (electromagnetic radiation in all wave length ranges, gravitational waves, neutrinos, high energy cosmic rays). Taken together they have led to Great Cosmological Revolution which keeps on going, turning into “permanent revolution” almost on Leo Trotsky own terms but, fortunately, not so bloody. Cosmological parameters are now quite accurately known with even brighter perspectives for the nearest future. One impressive example is the baryon asymmetry of the universe or, better to say, the ratio of the